Event Round-Up: Optical Intersatellite Links Roundtable
techUK convened policymakers, industry members, and investors as part of a broader initiative aimed at developing an optical communications roadmap within the UK space sector. The session focused on aligning technological developments with strategic government objectives, emphasizing foundational research, system integration, large-scale deployment, and ecosystem creation.
The UK’s efforts are deeply integrated with broader work in space infrastructure, processes, and skill development. A major theme of the discussion was the role of optical communications in enabling high data throughput, greater network resilience, and expanded spectrum availability. The transition from traditional geostationary satellites to low Earth orbit (LEO) constellations is accelerating, emphasizing the need for standardized, interoperable systems. This convergence of terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks could expand satellite communications (Satcom) from a niche market into a core element of global connectivity.
Strategic Vision for Optical Communications
Looking 15 years ahead, the vision includes developing a “network of networks” to support ubiquitous global connectivity. Achieving this vision will require the integration of both optical and radio frequency (RF) technologies.
The UK’s established expertise in terrestrial photonics offers an advantage in transferring innovation into the space domain. This cross-sector potential includes support for future quantum infrastructures and deep space missions, where reliable communication systems are crucial. There is growing interest from satellite operators in adopting optical technologies as next-generation solutions, presenting the UK with a chance to strengthen its space supply chain and international partnerships.
Emerging trends also include increased deployment of optical inter-satellite links (OISLs), especially in new LEO constellations. A key strategic goal is to establish an optical systems integrator in the UK to fully capitalize on these developments. However, while the country has a strong base in relevant technologies, it lacks a cohesive supply chain and must work toward uniting its capabilities to compete globally.
Industry Challenges and Market Positioning
Small platforms and GEO satellites are areas where the UK could compete more effectively. Government incentives, targeted academic programs, and partnerships were highlighted as essential tools for building capacity in areas like free-space optics, AI-based optimization, and advanced photonics manufacturing.
Academic institutions in the UK are actively researching low-TRL (Technology Readiness Level) optical communication technologies, but there is a gap in industry-led R&D needed to commercialize and scale optical terminals and OISLs. Stronger industry-academia collaboration is required to mature these technologies and raise TRL levels. This is especially important given the considerable investment and infrastructure already committed to massive satellite constellations, making market entry challenging.
Key strategic questions remain about the actual addressable market for optical terminals. Even if tens of thousands of satellites are deployed, it is uncertain how many terminals will be required, and how much of that demand the UK can realistically serve. A deeper market analysis is needed to guide investment and prioritize efforts.
To increase its market share, the UK must develop highly differentiated technologies and capitalize on innovation. Dual-use technologies, which can be applied both in space and terrestrial environments—such as Free Space Optical (FSO) communications for fixed wireless access—are noted as having great commercial promise.
Market Analysis and Strategic Focus
The UK’s strategic approach isto focus on niche applications and superior technologies. One area of strength is CubeSat OISLs, where the UK already holds a leading position. Nonetheless, public funding is limited and must be balanced across competing priorities, including RF technologies and other space capabilities.
Public agencies are prioritizing emerging technologies with the highest commercial potential, aiming to transition mid-TRL systems to deployment-ready levels. Early-stage research will continue to be supported by institutions like UKRI and Innovate UK.
Photonics remains a national priority, not only for satellite applications but for broader communication systems. Government support is essential in two areas: securing international funding mechanisms like those from the European Space Agency and identifying niche sectors where the UK has a unique competitive advantage. One example is financial services, where space-based systems could enhance resilience or provide backup communication solutions.
Ultimately, the question of whether there is a viable customer base remains critical. One constructive step forward would be for industry to develop and propose a mission — a tangible use case or demonstrator — that clearly articulates demand and provides a pathway toward commercial viability.
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Josh Turpin
Josh joined techUK as a Programme Manager for Telecoms and Net Zero in August 2024.
Tales Gaspar
Tales has a background in law and economics, with previous experience in the regulation of new technologies and infrastructure.
